🐳 DevOps & Infrastructure

Tài liệu về DevOps practices, containerization, CI/CD, và infrastructure management.

📚 Overview

DevOps kết hợp development và operations để tăng tốc delivery. Section này bao gồm:

Docker: Containerization cho applications
CI/CD: Automated testing và deployment
Kubernetes: Container orchestration
Server: Nginx, hosting, SSL/TLS

🗂️ Content Structure

🐳 Docker

Containerization platform phổ biến nhất.

Topics:

Dockerfile Best Practices - Optimize images
Docker Compose - Multi-container apps
Multi-stage Builds - Reduce image size
Docker Networking - Container communication

Key Concepts:

Images vs Containers
Layers & caching
Volumes & bind mounts
Networks (bridge, host, overlay)
Docker registry (Docker Hub)
Container lifecycle

Common Use Cases:

Development environments
Microservices deployment
CI/CD pipelines
Production hosting

🔄 CI/CD

Continuous Integration & Continuous Deployment.

Topics:

GitHub Actions - CI/CD trên GitHub
GitLab CI - GitLab pipelines
Deployment Strategies - Blue-green, canary, rolling

Key Concepts:

CI (Continuous Integration):

Automated testing
Code quality checks (linting, formatting)
Build automation
Pull request validation

CD (Continuous Deployment):

Automated deployment
Environment management (dev, staging, prod)
Rollback strategies
Release automation

Pipeline Stages:

Code Push → Lint → Test → Build → Deploy → Monitor

☸️ Kubernetes

Container orchestration platform.

Topics:

K8s Basics - Core concepts
Deployments - Application deployment
Services - Networking & load balancing

Key Concepts:

Pods - Smallest deployable units
Deployments - Declarative updates
Services - Expose applications
ConfigMaps & Secrets
Namespaces - Resource isolation
Ingress - HTTP routing

Use Cases:

Large-scale applications
Microservices architecture
Auto-scaling workloads
Multi-cloud deployments

🖥️ Server & Hosting

Web servers và hosting setup.

Topics:

Nginx Configuration - Reverse proxy & static files
SSL/TLS Setup - HTTPS configuration

Key Concepts:

Reverse proxy
Load balancing
Static file serving
HTTPS/SSL certificates (Let's Encrypt)
Domain configuration
Security headers

🎯 Learning Path

👶 Beginner (0-1 tháng)

markdown

1. Docker Fundamentals
   - Install Docker Desktop
   - Basic commands (run, build, ps)
   - Dockerfile basics
   - Docker Hub

2. Docker Compose
   - Multi-container apps
   - Service definition
   - Volumes & networks

3. Basic Deployment
   - Deploy to VPS
   - Nginx basics
   - Domain setup

Goal: Containerize và deploy simple app

💪 Intermediate (1-3 tháng)

markdown

1. Docker Advanced
   - Multi-stage builds
   - Image optimization
   - Docker networking
   - Security best practices

2. CI/CD Setup
   - GitHub Actions workflow
   - Automated testing
   - Build & deploy pipeline
   - Environment variables

3. Server Management
   - Nginx configuration
   - SSL/TLS setup
   - Monitoring basics
   - Log management

Goal: Production-ready deployment với CI/CD

🏆 Advanced (3+ tháng)

markdown

1. Kubernetes
   - K8s architecture
   - Deployments & Services
   - Helm charts
   - Auto-scaling

2. Advanced CI/CD
   - Multi-stage pipelines
   - Deployment strategies
   - Testing strategies
   - Rollback mechanisms

3. Infrastructure as Code
   - Terraform basics
   - Configuration management

4. Monitoring & Observability
   - Prometheus + Grafana
   - Logging (ELK stack)
   - Alerting

Goal: DevOps engineer với K8s knowledge

🚀 Quick Start

Docker Setup

Install Docker:

bash

# macOS
brew install docker

# Linux (Ubuntu)
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker.io

# Verify installation
docker --version

Hello World:

bash

# Run first container
docker run hello-world

# Run Nginx
docker run -d -p 8080:80 nginx

# Check running containers
docker ps

# Stop container
docker stop <container-id>

Create Dockerfile

Basic Node.js App:

dockerfile

# Dockerfile
FROM node:20-alpine

WORKDIR /app

COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm install

COPY . .

EXPOSE 3000

CMD ["node", "index.js"]

Build & Run:

bash

# Build image
docker build -t my-app .

# Run container
docker run -p 3000:3000 my-app

Docker Compose Example

docker-compose.yml:

yaml

version: '3.8'

services:
  app:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      - DATABASE_URL=postgresql://user:pass@db:5432/mydb
    depends_on:
      - db

  db:
    image: postgres:15-alpine
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_USER=user
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=pass
      - POSTGRES_DB=mydb
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data

volumes:
  postgres_data:

Run:

bash

# Start all services
docker-compose up -d

# View logs
docker-compose logs -f

# Stop services
docker-compose down

GitHub Actions Example

.github/workflows/ci.yml:

yaml

name: CI/CD Pipeline

on:
  push:
    branches: [ main ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ main ]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: '20'
      
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm install
      
      - name: Run tests
        run: npm test
      
      - name: Build
        run: npm run build

  deploy:
    needs: test
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
    steps:
      - name: Deploy to production
        run: echo "Deploying..."

🛠️ Essential Tools

Docker Tools

Docker Desktop - Local development
Portainer - Container management UI
Docker Scout - Security scanning
Dive - Image layer inspection

CI/CD Platforms

GitHub Actions - Free for public repos
GitLab CI - Built-in GitLab
CircleCI - Cloud CI/CD
Jenkins - Self-hosted

Monitoring

Grafana - Visualization
Prometheus - Metrics collection
ELK Stack - Logging (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana)

📖 Recommended Topics

For Docker

Start here: Dockerfile Best Practices
Multi-container: Docker Compose
Optimization: Multi-stage Builds
Networking: Docker Networking

For CI/CD

GitHub: GitHub Actions
GitLab: GitLab CI
Strategies: Deployment Strategies

For Kubernetes

Basics: K8s Basics
Deploy: Deployments
Expose: Services

For Server

Web Server: Nginx Configuration
HTTPS: SSL/TLS Setup

💡 Best Practices

Dockerfile Optimization

dockerfile

# ✅ Good - Multi-stage build
FROM node:20-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci --only=production
COPY . .
RUN npm run build

FROM node:20-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=builder /app/node_modules ./node_modules
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["node", "dist/index.js"]

# ❌ Bad - Single stage, large image
FROM node:20
WORKDIR /app
COPY . .
RUN npm install
CMD ["node", "index.js"]

.dockerignore

bash

# ✅ Good - Exclude unnecessary files
node_modules
npm-debug.log
.git
.env
.DS_Store
dist
coverage

Environment Variables

yaml

# ✅ Good - Use secrets
services:
  app:
    environment:
      - DATABASE_URL=${DATABASE_URL}
      - JWT_SECRET=${JWT_SECRET}

# ❌ Bad - Hard-coded secrets
services:
  app:
    environment:
      - DATABASE_URL=postgresql://user:password123@db:5432/mydb

CI/CD Security

yaml

# ✅ Good - Use GitHub Secrets
- name: Deploy
  env:
    DEPLOY_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.DEPLOY_TOKEN }}
  run: ./deploy.sh

# ❌ Bad - Expose secrets in logs
- name: Deploy
  run: echo "Token: my-secret-token" && ./deploy.sh

🔗 External Resources

Documentation

Learning

📊 DevOps Stack Example

Complete DevOps Stack:
├── Containerization: Docker + Docker Compose
├── Orchestration: Kubernetes (optional)
├── CI/CD: GitHub Actions / GitLab CI
├── Web Server: Nginx
├── SSL: Let's Encrypt
├── Monitoring: Grafana + Prometheus
├── Logging: ELK Stack / Loki
├── Hosting: AWS / DigitalOcean / VPS
└── IaC: Terraform (optional)

🎯 Next Steps

New to DevOps? → Start với Docker Best Practices
Know Docker? → Learn Docker Compose
Need CI/CD? → GitHub Actions
Production ready? → Nginx Config + SSL/TLS
Scale up? → Kubernetes Basics

Ship it! 🚢

← Backend | Tools & Tips →

🐳 DevOps & Infrastructure ​

📚 Overview ​

🗂️ Content Structure ​

🐳 Docker ​

🔄 CI/CD ​

☸️ Kubernetes ​

🖥️ Server & Hosting ​

🎯 Learning Path ​

👶 Beginner (0-1 tháng) ​

💪 Intermediate (1-3 tháng) ​

🏆 Advanced (3+ tháng) ​

🚀 Quick Start ​

Docker Setup ​

Create Dockerfile ​

Docker Compose Example ​

GitHub Actions Example ​

🛠️ Essential Tools ​

Docker Tools ​

CI/CD Platforms ​

Monitoring ​

📖 Recommended Topics ​

For Docker ​

For CI/CD ​

For Kubernetes ​

For Server ​

💡 Best Practices ​

Dockerfile Optimization ​

.dockerignore ​

Environment Variables ​

CI/CD Security ​

🔗 External Resources ​

Documentation ​

Learning ​

📊 DevOps Stack Example ​

🎯 Next Steps ​

🐳 DevOps & Infrastructure

📚 Overview

🗂️ Content Structure

🐳 Docker

🔄 CI/CD

☸️ Kubernetes

🖥️ Server & Hosting

🎯 Learning Path

👶 Beginner (0-1 tháng)

💪 Intermediate (1-3 tháng)

🏆 Advanced (3+ tháng)

🚀 Quick Start

Docker Setup

Create Dockerfile

Docker Compose Example

GitHub Actions Example

🛠️ Essential Tools

Docker Tools

CI/CD Platforms

Monitoring

📖 Recommended Topics

For Docker

For CI/CD

For Kubernetes

For Server

💡 Best Practices

Dockerfile Optimization

.dockerignore

Environment Variables

CI/CD Security

🔗 External Resources

Documentation

Learning

📊 DevOps Stack Example

🎯 Next Steps